Cystitis/UTI

Cystitis and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often caused by bacteria, typically Escherichia coli (E. coli), which can enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder. Other factors such as sexual activity, certain medications, and underlying health conditions can also contribute to the development of cystitis/UTI.

Common symptoms include a strong, persistent urge to urinate, burning sensation during urination, cloudy or bloody urine, foul-smelling urine, pelvic discomfort, and sometimes fever or chills.

Cystitis is typically diagnosed based on symptoms and a urinalysis to check for the presence of bacteria, blood, or other abnormalities in the urine. In some cases, a urine culture may be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection.

Risk factors include female anatomy (shorter urethra), sexual activity, use of certain contraceptives (like spermicides or diaphragms), menopause, urinary tract abnormalities, a weakened immune system, catheter use, and conditions such as diabetes or kidney stones.

Cystitis and UTIs are very common, especially among women. It's estimated that around half of all women will experience a UTI in their lifetime.

Cystitis specifically refers to inflammation of the bladder, whereas a UTI (urinary tract infection) can involve any part of the urinary tract, including the bladder, urethra, ureters, and kidneys.

Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as Nitrofurantoin or Trimethoprim, to eliminate the bacterial infection. Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen may also be recommended to alleviate discomfort. It's important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.

Untreated cystitis/UTI can lead to more serious infections such as pyelonephritis (kidney infection), sepsis (a life-threatening infection), and recurrent UTIs.

Measures to prevent recurrent UTIs include staying hydrated, urinating frequently, practicing good hygiene (including wiping from front to back), avoiding irritating products like douches or feminine sprays, and urinating after sexual activity.

Yes, if left untreated, cystitis/UTI can progress to a kidney infection (pyelonephritis), which can cause complications such as kidney damage or sepsis.

Yes, in severe cases or if the infection spreads to the bloodstream, cystitis/UTI can lead to sepsis, which is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.

Yes, lower back pain can be a symptom of a more severe UTI or kidney infection (pyelonephritis). It's important to seek medical attention if you experience this symptom.

Yes, urinary urgency (a strong, sudden urge to urinate) is a common symptom of cystitis/UTI, often accompanied by a frequent need to urinate.